sells a particular product, often offering a significant discount compared to its previously advertised price. This pricing strategy, also known as competitive pricing, involves setting the product's price just below that of a competitor's product to make it more appealing to consumers.

There are two types of reference prices: internal and external. Internal reference prices are formed by consumers based on their past experiences and knowledge about the product. For example, if a consumer expects a sandwich to cost around $5 based on their previous purchases, that would be their internal reference price.

Another example, is a clothing store introduces a new dress at a high price of $100, then offers a 50% discount after a few weeks. Customers perceive the discounted price of $50 as a good deal compared to the initial reference price of $100 when they first saw it at the store.

External reference prices, on the other hand, are provided by marketers to influence consumers' decisions. These can be displayed through advertisements, price tags, signs, or labels, and can even be influenced by the prices of surrounding items in the store or website. The customer will compare the price…